Stone Surface Stains: Causes & How to Avoid Them

Stone surfaces like granite, marble, quartzite, and soapstone are prized for their timeless beauty and durability. Whether used in kitchens, bathrooms, or outdoor spaces, natural stone has become a go-to material for homeowners and designers seeking elegance and longevity. However, despite their resilience, stone surfaces are not entirely impervious to damage. One of the most common concerns for homeowners is stone surface stains. While stone is a tough material, it can still be stained by various substances if not properly cared for.

In this blog, we’ll dive into the causes of stone surface stains, how to prevent them, and tips for cleaning and maintaining your stone surfaces so they continue to shine for years to come.

Natural stone is as varied as it is beautiful. The properties of each type of stone can affect how susceptible it is to staining. Some stones are more porous, while others are more resistant. Understanding these differences can help you prevent stains and care for your surfaces properly.

Granite

Granite is one of the most durable stones and is highly resistant to stains, especially once sealed. However, some darker varieties may still absorb certain substances over time.

Marble

Marble, while undeniably beautiful, is more porous and prone to staining than granite. Acidic substances such as lemon juice, vinegar, or wine can cause etching on the surface, which can lead to discoloration.

Quartzite

Quartzite is a hard, durable stone similar in appearance to marble but much more resistant to staining. While it is still susceptible to damage from oils and acidic substances, it is generally less prone to staining than marble.

Soapstone

Soapstone is non-porous, making it highly resistant to stains. However, it can be susceptible to oil marks or certain cleaning products that leave residues. Regular care can help preserve its beauty.

Stains on stone surfaces are typically caused by spills, accidents, or prolonged exposure to certain substances. While some stains are more obvious than others, they can all affect the appearance and longevity of your stone. Here are the most common causes of stone surface stains:

Oil and Grease

Oily substances like cooking oils, butter, and lotions can soak into the pores of more porous stones like marble. Over time, oils can leave dark marks or stains that can be difficult to remove without proper cleaning.

Wine, Coffee, and Juices

Acidic beverages like wine, coffee, tea, and fruit juices can stain stone surfaces, particularly marble. These drinks can cause discoloration, and if not cleaned up quickly, they can become permanent marks.

Water Stains

Water stains are particularly common on polished granite and marble surfaces. They appear as cloudy, dull patches and are typically caused by hard water, which contains minerals like calcium and magnesium. These stains can build up if water is left to dry on the stone without being wiped away.

Acidic Substances

Lemon juice, vinegar, and other acidic substances can cause etching and staining on natural stone surfaces. The acid eats away at the surface, causing discoloration and dull patches that cannot be removed with regular cleaning.

Rust and Iron Stains

Stone surfaces in high-humidity environments, especially limestone and travertine, can develop rust stains when exposed to iron-containing substances, such as metal cookware or rusty pipes. Rust stains are often challenging to remove and require specialized cleaning techniques.

Ink and Dye Stains

Certain ink pens or dye-based products can leave stains on stone surfaces, particularly marble and granite. These stains can be difficult to treat if not caught early, as the ink can seep deep into the pores of the stone.

Mold and Mildew

In damp environments, especially in bathrooms or outdoor areas, mold and mildew can develop on stone surfaces. While not technically a “stain” in the traditional sense, mold and mildew can leave unsightly dark spots or growths on your stone, affecting its appearance and hygiene.

Prevention is key when it comes to maintaining the beauty of your stone surfaces. While it’s impossible to completely eliminate the risk of stains, there are several steps you can take to reduce their likelihood.

Seal Your Stone

One of the most effective ways to prevent stains is to seal your stone surfaces. Most natural stones are porous to some degree, and sealing helps create a protective barrier against liquids and oils.

• Granite and Quartzite: These stones typically require sealing every 1-2 years to maintain their stain resistance.
  
• Marble: Marble is more porous and should be sealed more frequently, ideally every 6-12 months. 

When sealing your stone, be sure to use a high-quality, stone-specific sealant to ensure maximum protection.

Clean Up Spills Immediately

The best way to avoid stains is to clean up spills as soon as they happen. For acidic substances like wine or juice, it’s essential to wipe them away immediately. For oils or greasy substances, use a dry cloth to blot the spill before it can soak into the stone.

Use Coasters and Trivets

Placing coasters under glasses, cups, and bottles can help prevent stains from beverages like coffee or wine. Likewise, always use trivets or heat-resistant mats under hot cookware to avoid damage from heat or grease.

Avoid Acidic Cleaners

Many household cleaners contain harsh chemicals or acids that can damage the surface of natural stone. Always use pH-balanced, stone-safe cleaners when wiping down your countertops or floors. Avoid lemon-based or vinegar-based cleaners, which can erode the stone over time.

Use Protective Mats or Rugs

In high-traffic areas or places prone to spills (like the kitchen), use protective mats or rugs to prevent accidental staining. These can catch spills or debris before they reach the stone surface.

Regular Maintenance

In addition to sealing your stone, regular cleaning and maintenance are crucial. Wipe down your surfaces frequently to remove dust, dirt, and any liquids that may have been spilled.

Despite your best efforts, stains can still happen. When they do, knowing how to properly clean and remove them is important to prevent long-term damage. Here are some tips for removing common stains:

Oil Stains

Oil stains are common on porous stones like marble. To remove an oil stain:

1. Create a poultice: Mix baking soda and water to form a thick paste. Apply the paste to the stain and cover it with plastic wrap.
2. Let it sit: Leave the poultice on the stain for 24-48 hours.
3. Remove the paste: Once the paste has dried, remove it and gently scrub the area with a soft brush.

For stubborn oil stains, a professional stone cleaner or poultice product designed for oil stains may be needed.

Wine, Coffee, and Juice Stains

For stains from wine, coffee, or juice, it’s essential to act quickly. Blot the area with a clean cloth to soak up any liquid, then:

1. Use a gentle cleaner: Apply a pH-neutral stone cleaner to the area and wipe it down.
2. Baking soda paste: For tougher stains, mix baking soda and water into a paste and apply it to the stain. Let it sit for 10-15 minutes, then wipe it away.

Water Stains

Water stains caused by hard water minerals can usually be removed with a mixture of vinegar and water (for non-marble surfaces). For more severe cases:

1. Use a stone cleaner: Apply a specialized stone cleaner designed to remove mineral deposits.
   
2. Buff the area: After cleaning, buff the surface with a soft cloth to restore its shine.

Rust Stains

Rust stains require more specialized treatment. You can try using a rust remover that’s safe for stone surfaces, or for a DIY solution:

1. Poultice with a rust remover: Create a paste using a rust remover and apply it to the stain.
   
2. Let it sit: Allow it to sit for several hours before wiping it away.

Ink and Dye Stains

For ink stains, try applying rubbing alcohol to a soft cloth and blotting the stain gently. Avoid scrubbing, as this could spread the stain.

If you encounter a particularly stubborn stain or if you’re unsure how to proceed, don’t hesitate to call a professional. Stone restoration experts can safely remove deep stains without damaging the stone’s surface.

Stone surfaces are an investment in the beauty and longevity of your home. While they are durable, they can be susceptible to staining if not properly maintained. By understanding the causes of stone stains and following the right prevention methods, you can keep your stone surfaces looking as good as new.

At Chippewa Stone, we offer a wide variety of high-quality natural stone options for every project. Whether you’re choosing granite for your kitchen or marble for your bathroom, our experts are here to help you make the best choices for your space and maintenance needs.

Remember, proper care and attention to your stone surfaces will ensure they remain a stunning and durable part of your home for years to come.